How do I locate all PsiElement(PsiClass) elements of classes that annotate @Component and implement or inherit from java.util.function.Consumer<org.springframework.messaging.Message<?>> within the project scope?
You probably need Java plugin APIs such as:
AnnotatedElementsSearchClassInheritorsSearchDirectClassInheritorsSearch
And if you know exact FQN of a class and need its PsiClass then JavaPsiFacade.findClass should do it.
There are many usage examples on intellij-community sources in Java plugin